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Distinct Effects of Dietary Whey Peptide and Soy Protein on Denervation-Mediated Muscle Atrophy

Research Article

Distinct Effects of Dietary Whey Peptide and Soy Protein on Denervation-Mediated Muscle Atrophy 

 


Takagi M1#, Uchida T1#, Takatsu E1, Kishimoto H1, Ida K1, Ishida Y2, Ono-Ohmachi A2,3, Morita Y2,3, Kato K2, Ochi A1, Ohno-Maita A1, Oarada M4, Abe T1, Teshima-Kondo S1, Nakao R1,5, Hirasaka K6 and Nikawa Takeshi1*

1Departments of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Medical Nutrition, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
2Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
3Research & Development Planning Department, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
4Medical Mycology Research Center, The University of Chiba, Chiba, Japan
5National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
6Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
#They are equal contributors for this study

*Corresponding author: Takeshi Nikawa, Departments of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Medical Nutrition, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan, Tel: +81-88-633-9248; Fax: +81-88-633-7086; E-mail: nikawa@tokushima-u.ac.jp

Received: March 18, 2016; Accepted: December 29, 2016; Published: January 09, 2017

Abstract

Purpose: We examined whether various diet proteins, such as soy protein, whey protein and whey peptides, affected denervation-mediated muscle atrophy.

Methods: Six-week-old C57/BL6J male mice consumed test diets that contained casein, soy protein, whey peptide, or whey protein for 2 weeks. One hind limb of mouse was enervated on Day 0. Hind limb skeletal muscles were dissected and weighed on Day 4 or Day6. Protein and transcripts expressed in these muscles were analyzed.

Results: Denervation caused reductions in soleus and tibialis anterior muscle wet weights. In the soleus muscle, this effect was significantly prevented with the whey peptide on Day 6, but not the soy and whey protein diets, compared to the case in diet. In the tibialis anterior muscle, the effect was prevented with the soy protein, but not the whey protein or peptide diet, compared to the casein diet. Denervation up regulated the expression of muscle atrophy-related genes, MAFbx/atrogin-1 and MuRF-1. In the soleus muscle, the whey peptide diet significantly suppressed MuRF-1 upregulation on Day 6, while the soy protein, but not the whey protein or peptide diet, significantly suppressed MAFbx/atrogin-1 upregulation in the tibialis anterior on Day 4, compared to the case in diet. The mechanism was elucidated by examining Akt and S6 kinase (S6K) phosphorylation in gastrocnemius muscle at 4 days after denervation. Muscle denervation significantly inhibited both Akt and S6K phosphorylation, compared to non-denervated muscle. The effect on Akt was significantly prevented with the whey peptide, soy protein, and whey protein diets, compared to the case in diet. S6K phosphorylation was significantly increased with the whey peptide diet, in both non-denervated and denervated gastrocnemius muscle. In contrast, the soy and whey protein diets had little effect on S6K phosphorylation compared to the case in diet.

Conclusion: The present study showed that whey peptide was most effective in preventing denervation-mediated atrophy of the slow-twitch type muscle, while soy protein preferentially suppressed the atrophy of the first-twitch type muscle.

Keywords

Denervation; Mice; Muscle atrophy; Soy protein; Whey protein or peptide

Citation: Takagi M, Uchida T, Takatsu E, Kishimoto H, Ida K et al. (2016) Distinct Effects of Dietary Whey Peptide and Soy Protein on Denervation-Mediated Muscle Atrophy. J Nutr Food Sci 1: 002.

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